A Novel Travel Time Estimation Model for Modeling a Green Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem in Food Supply Chain

In a green time-dependent vehicle routing optimisation problem, if the travel time is not well estimated, values of objective function (emissions) for different solutions will be obtained with less accuracy, which leads to wrong decision making. The purpose this paper propose an accurate travel-time estimation model. model was developed by considering multiple traffic modes through continuous approach. Moreover, in model, it assumed that route between two nodes combination segments (i.e., expressway, boulevard, main street, auxiliary alley, etc.), and speed level varied along depended on route. Congestion key factor affecting delivery food customers. To assess reliability data from sales network oldest biggest beverage manufacturer Iran used. A new congestion pattern identified based analysis 272 routes several rules were described proved above assumption about congestion. estimated 30 random vehicles departure times compared Google Maps statistical analyses.